This study aimed to describe common risk factors among Filipino T2D patients which increase their risk of developing cardiorenal complications including Heart Failure and CKD. Furthermore, the study aimed to assess the awareness of T2DM patients regarding these risk factors.

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) approximately affects 14% of pregnant women in the Philippines. It has been linked to several maternal and neonatal adverse outcomes. This study aimed at determining the association of the clinical profile of patients with GDM to maternal and neonatal outcomes.

Infections are risk factors for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), a complex autoimmune disease. The effect of tuberculosis infection and medication on lupus disease activity and prednisone dosage among our patients was investigated.

This study was inspired by the increasing cases of Diabetes Mellitus II (DM II) and the drive to strengthen early detection and intervention. The study specifically examined the American Diabetes Association (ADA) Risk Screening Form to detect DM and its potential as a cost-effective alternative to the standard screening criteria using Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) and 2-hour Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT).

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) remains to be the leading cause of blindness worldwide. Traditionally, risk factors such as diabetes duration, HbA1c levels, hypertension and dyslipidemia have been closely linked to the development of this condition. However, recent research suggests that these factors account for only a portion of DR cases. Emerging studies highlight additional potential risk factors including diabetic nephropathy, insulin use, and body mass index -though data on these factors remain limited and at times contradictory. While there have been a few local studies exploring some of these variables, none have comprehensively examined how these factors collectively influence the occurrence and severity of diabetic retinopathy. This study aims to asses both the factors associated with presence and occurrence of diabetic retinopathy.

Determination of serum bicarbonate (HCO3-) using arterial blood gas analysis in patients with diabetic ketoacidosis allows for the evaluation of the severity of the condition, determines whether HCO3- therapy is required, and tracks the progression and resolution of the disease. Serum carbon dioxide combining power (CO2CP) from venous chemistry analysis has often been used as an indicator of metabolic acidosis. This study investigated the relationship between HCO3- and CO2CP and developed an approximation formula for serum bicarbonate concentration using its predictor variables, as this may lessen the need to repeat arterial blood gas analysis or be used in settings in which blood gas analyzers are unavailable.

Tuberculosis (TB) has long been a recognized infectious disease contributory to worldwide mortalities. Most cases are from low- to middle-income countries, including the Philippines. Hepatobiliary TB comprises only a small portion of extrapulmonary TB. Tuberculous liver abscess (TLA) usually presents with nonspecific findings causing delay in the diagnosis. Due to this, further reports are needed for early detection along with timely treatment for future courses. Presenting a 17-year-old male who came in with right upper quadrant abdominal pain associated with intermittent fever.

Enteric duplication cyst is a rare congenital anomaly of the digestive tract, affecting 0.2% of children and 5-6% of adults, occurring in 1 in 4,500 births. Intussusception is uncommon in adults, accounting for less than 5% of cases, and is found in 1% of bowel obstruction patients. Clinical symptoms in adults can differ from the typical pediatric presentation. A 40-year-old female was hospitalized with epigastric pain and vomiting, which began 12 hours prior to admission.

Pulmonary aspergilloma is the most common pulmonary involvement due to Aspergillus. It usually develops in a pre-existing cavity in the lung, most often due to tuberculosis. Hemoptysis occurs secondary to local invasion of the blood vessels lining the cavity. We present a case of a 54-year-old married patient, who presented with massive hemoptysis four days before consulting a private physician.

A splenic abscess is an unusual formation and is usually caused by hematogenous spread from an infection. Such expected frequency varies in different autopsy studies between 0.14% and 0.7%. Albeit rare, abscess can also result from migration of gut flora brought about by direct invasion of tumor cells from a neighboring neoplasm. This is a case of a 36-year-old female who came in with a history of abdominal pain, chills and fever for seven months.

Lithium has been known as a second-line treatment for hyperthyroidism. However, it has a narrow therapeutic range especially in patients with impaired renal function. Toxicity can cause neurological, gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, and renal symptoms, including rare cases of renal failure needing renal replacement therapy. This case report highlights a rare instance of acute lithium toxicity in a patient with multinodular goiter and chronic kidney disease, following methimazole-induced agranulocytosis.

This case report describes a rare presentation of double-vessel Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection (SCAD) in a 54-year-old male. One dissection occurred in a coronary artery with atherosclerotic plaque deposition, while the second vessel exhibited dissection without evidence of plaque deposition, trauma or iatrogenic manipulation such as percutaneous coronary intervention.

Myiasis is a parasitic infestation of humans caused by dipteran flies' larvae, which feed on the host's tissue. It affects various body parts, including the skin, eyes, ears, nose, mouth, and gastrointestinal tract. Cutaneous myiasis is the most common clinical form, while wound myiasis is the main manifestation. Myiasis can be caused by various fly families, including blowflies, flesh flies, and botflies, with different types depending on the site and infestation type. A rare occurrence rarely reported in medical literature, Sarcophaga species infestation within a tracheostomy tube in a patient with laryngeal carcinoma, is presented in this case.

Central diabetes insipidus (CDI) is a common complication following transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary adenomas, but CDI as an initial presentation in pituitary adenomas is extremely rare. We report a case of a 67-year-old Filipino male with pituitary macroadenoma presenting as central diabetes insipidus, manifesting as a two-month history of severe frontotemporal headache, increased thirst, and polyuria, which was managed with desmopressin followed by transsphenoidal surgery.

A 19-year-old female with a 2-day history of involuntary fast jerk-like movements of the left upper and lower extremities presented at the emergency department.